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XYZ Line
The XYZ Line, or Matallana Line, was a system of fortifications built during the Spanish Civil War in order to defend the capital of the Second Spanish Republic in Valencia, Spain. Unlike the Maginot Line, or the Iron Belt (''"Cinturón de Hierro"'') of Bilbao, which were expensive systems of fortifications and bunkers made of reinforced concrete, the XYZ Line was a simpler system of defenses in depth consisting of trenches and bunkers that took advantage of some of the most difficult terrain in Spain in the Iberian System ranges to the north and northeast of Valencia. The defenses were built to withstand bombardment by either heavy artillery or 1,000-pound aerial bombs.〔
==Background==
Following the success of the Aragon Offensive resulting in the Nationalist armies reaching the Mediterranean Sea, the Republic was split in two; the Spanish Republican Army was in disarray and the road to Barcelona was open for conquest by the Nationalists.〔Graham, Helen. ''The Spanish Civil War. A very short Introduction.'' Oxford University Press. 2055. p.98〕 Even General Vicente Rojo said that Barcelona could have been taken with "less force and in less time" than in January 1939. The Nationalist generals and Francisco Franco's German and Italian allies expected a swift attack against Barcelona. Nevertheless, Franco decided to turn south against the capital of the Spanish Republic at Valencia,〔Beevor, Antony. ''The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War.'' Penguin Books. London. 2006. p.345〕 because he feared French intervention in Catalonia, following the Anschluss.〔Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War.'' Reaction, Revolution & Revenge. Harper Perennial. 2006. London. p.286〕 Furthermore, he didn't want a swift end to the war, as he wanted a war of annihilation against the Republic in order to crush all opposition. Dionisio Ridruejo said that: "A long war meant total victory. Franco chose the crueller option which, from his point of view, was also more effective."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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